diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 694db01..0e10557 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -50,4 +50,7 @@ docs/guide/cadre.pdf
 docs/guide/parent.pdf
 docs/guide/student.pdf
 docs/guide/teacher.pdf
-qrcode.png
\ No newline at end of file
+qrcode.png
+
+# 展示内容
+example
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 21fed3b..cfd8f91 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ classmanager/
 | v1.7 | 2026.5.21 | 全量一致性审计：前后端配置统一（.env.example/config.py/config.php）、清理废弃全局变量、角色权限表精确化 |
 | v1.8 | 2026.5.22 | 科目管理融入作业管理页、科目删除数据依赖检查、加减分记录类型区分（manual/homework/attendance）、学生端作业详情优化 |
 | v2.0.1 | 2026.5.23 | 操作列折叠优化、扣分类型大类区分、科目选择修复、改名作业扣分、记录人优化、家长端优化、学期管理优化 |
+| v2.1 | 2025.7.14 | CSS变量化统一配色方案、简化按钮系统、操作列按钮风格统一、清理内联颜色、修复科目管理面板无法展开、数据库索引优化、清理init.sql冗余迁移代码、安全审计通过 |
 
 ## 许可证
 
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..879b416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2.1
diff --git a/frontend/admin/dashboard.php b/frontend/admin/dashboard.php
index 7e6a6ca..0f11295 100644
--- a/frontend/admin/dashboard.php
+++ b/frontend/admin/dashboard.php
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
                 <span style="font-size: 14px; color: #666;">显示前</span>
                 <input type="number" id="percentileFilter" style="width: 70px; padding: 4px 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 4px;" min="1" max="100" value="100" placeholder="1-100">
                 <span style="font-size: 14px; color: #666;">% 的学生</span>
-                <button class="btn btn-sm" style="background: #667eea; color: white;" onclick="applyPercentileFilter()">筛选</button>
-                <button class="btn btn-sm" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; color: #666;" onclick="resetPercentileFilter()">显示全部</button>
+                <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="applyPercentileFilter()">筛选</button>
+                <button class="btn btn-sm btn-ghost" onclick="resetPercentileFilter()">显示全部</button>
             </div>
             <table class="table">
                 <thead>
@@ -52,7 +52,154 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
     </div>
 </div>
 
+<?php if ($role === '班主任'): ?>
+<!-- 升级提示模态框 -->
+<div id="upgradeModal" class="modal" style="display:none;">
+    <div class="modal-content" style="max-width:520px;">
+        <div class="modal-header">
+            <h3>🔄 系统升级</h3>
+            <button class="modal-close" onclick="closeModal('upgradeModal')" id="upgradeCloseBtn">&times;</button>
+        </div>
+        <div style="padding: 16px 0;">
+            <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 12px;">
+                <p style="font-size: 15px; color: var(--color-text);">检测到数据库有新版本可用</p>
+                <p style="font-size: 13px; color: var(--color-text-muted); margin-top: 8px;">
+                    当前版本: <span id="currentDbVersion">--</span> → 目标版本: <span id="targetDbVersion">--</span>
+                </p>
+            </div>
+            <div id="upgradeStepsList" style="margin: 12px 0;"></div>
+            <div id="upgradeResult" style="display:none; margin-top: 12px;"></div>
+            <p id="upgradeWarning" class="text-danger" style="font-size: 12px; text-align: center; margin-top: 8px;">⚠️ 升级前请确保已备份数据库</p>
+        </div>
+        <div class="modal-footer">
+            <button class="btn" onclick="closeModal('upgradeModal')" id="upgradeLaterBtn">稍后再说</button>
+            <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="startUpgrade()" id="startUpgradeBtn">开始升级</button>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+<?php endif; ?>
+
 <script>window.PAGE_CONFIG = { role: '<?php echo $role; ?>' };</script>
 <script src="/assets/js/dashboard.js"></script>
 
+<?php if ($role === '班主任'): ?>
+<script>
+(function() {
+    var upgradeSteps = [];
+    var currentStepIndex = 0;
+
+    fetch('/api/check_upgrade.php')
+        .then(function(r) { return r.json(); })
+        .then(function(data) {
+            if (data.needs_upgrade) {
+                document.getElementById('currentDbVersion').textContent = data.current;
+                document.getElementById('targetDbVersion').textContent = data.target;
+                upgradeSteps = data.steps || [];
+
+                // 渲染步骤列表
+                var listHtml = '';
+                for (var i = 0; i < upgradeSteps.length; i++) {
+                    listHtml += '<div style="display:flex;align-items:center;padding:8px 12px;margin:4px 0;border-radius:6px;font-size:13px;background:var(--color-hover);border-left:3px solid var(--color-border);" id="ustep-' + i + '">' +
+                        '<span style="margin-right:8px;" id="ustep-icon-' + i + '">○</span>' +
+                        '<span>升级至 v' + upgradeSteps[i].version + '</span>' +
+                        '</div>';
+                }
+                document.getElementById('upgradeStepsList').innerHTML = listHtml;
+                document.getElementById('upgradeModal').style.display = 'flex';
+            }
+        })
+        .catch(function() {});
+
+    window.startUpgrade = function() {
+        var btn = document.getElementById('startUpgradeBtn');
+        var closeBtn = document.getElementById('upgradeCloseBtn');
+        var laterBtn = document.getElementById('upgradeLaterBtn');
+
+        btn.disabled = true;
+        btn.textContent = '升级中...';
+        btn.style.opacity = '0.7';
+        closeBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        laterBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        document.getElementById('upgradeWarning').style.display = 'none';
+
+        currentStepIndex = 0;
+        executeNextUpgradeStep();
+    };
+
+    function executeNextUpgradeStep() {
+        if (currentStepIndex >= upgradeSteps.length) {
+            // 所有步骤完成
+            var btn = document.getElementById('startUpgradeBtn');
+            btn.textContent = '升级完成 ✓';
+            btn.style.background = '#52c41a';
+
+            var laterBtn = document.getElementById('upgradeLaterBtn');
+            laterBtn.style.display = '';
+            laterBtn.textContent = '关闭';
+            laterBtn.onclick = function() { location.reload(); };
+
+            document.getElementById('upgradeResult').style.display = 'block';
+            document.getElementById('upgradeResult').innerHTML = '<div style="background:#f6ffed;border:1px solid #b7eb8f;border-radius:6px;padding:12px;text-align:center;color:var(--color-success);font-size:14px;">✓ 数据库升级成功！</div>';
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var step = upgradeSteps[currentStepIndex];
+        var stepEl = document.getElementById('ustep-' + currentStepIndex);
+        var iconEl = document.getElementById('ustep-icon-' + currentStepIndex);
+
+        // 标记为执行中
+        if (stepEl) {
+            stepEl.style.borderLeftColor = 'var(--color-primary)';
+            stepEl.style.background = 'var(--color-primary-light)';
+        }
+        if (iconEl) iconEl.textContent = '⟳';
+
+        fetch('/upgrade.php?action=step&version=' + encodeURIComponent(step.version), { method: 'POST' })
+            .then(function(r) { return r.json(); })
+            .then(function(data) {
+                if (data.success) {
+                    if (stepEl) {
+                        stepEl.style.borderLeftColor = 'var(--color-success)';
+                        stepEl.style.background = '#f6ffed';
+                    }
+                    if (iconEl) iconEl.textContent = '✓';
+                    currentStepIndex++;
+                    executeNextUpgradeStep();
+                } else {
+                    if (stepEl) {
+                        stepEl.style.borderLeftColor = 'var(--color-danger)';
+                        stepEl.style.background = 'var(--color-danger-light)';
+                    }
+                    if (iconEl) iconEl.textContent = '✗';
+                    showUpgradeError(data.error || '未知错误');
+                }
+            })
+            .catch(function(err) {
+                if (stepEl) {
+                    stepEl.style.borderLeftColor = 'var(--color-danger)';
+                    stepEl.style.background = 'var(--color-danger-light)';
+                }
+                if (iconEl) iconEl.textContent = '✗';
+                showUpgradeError(err.message);
+            });
+    }
+
+    function showUpgradeError(msg) {
+        var btn = document.getElementById('startUpgradeBtn');
+        btn.textContent = '升级失败';
+        btn.style.background = 'var(--color-danger)';
+        btn.disabled = false;
+        btn.style.opacity = '';
+
+        var laterBtn = document.getElementById('upgradeLaterBtn');
+        laterBtn.style.display = '';
+        laterBtn.textContent = '关闭';
+
+        document.getElementById('upgradeResult').style.display = 'block';
+        document.getElementById('upgradeResult').innerHTML = '<div style="background:var(--color-danger-light);border:1px solid #ffccc7;border-radius:6px;padding:12px;color:var(--color-danger-dark);font-size:13px;"><strong>升级失败：</strong>' + msg + '</div>';
+    }
+})();
+</script>
+<?php endif; ?>
+
 <?php include __DIR__ . '/../includes/footer.php'; ?>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/admin/history.php b/frontend/admin/history.php
index 33a60ec..6f417e5 100644
--- a/frontend/admin/history.php
+++ b/frontend/admin/history.php
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
     </div>
 </div>
 
-<script>window.PAGE_CONFIG = { role: '<?php echo $role; ?>', userId: <?php echo intval($_SESSION['user_id']); ?> };</script>
+<script>window.PAGE_CONFIG = { role: '<?php echo htmlspecialchars($role, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?>', userId: <?php echo intval($_SESSION['user_id']); ?> };</script>
 <script src="/assets/js/modules/modal-utils.js"></script>
 <script src="/assets/js/modules/utils.js"></script>
 <script src="/assets/js/modules/points-mgmt.js"></script>
diff --git a/frontend/admin/homework.php b/frontend/admin/homework.php
index eaa6972..1a5f4b1 100644
--- a/frontend/admin/homework.php
+++ b/frontend/admin/homework.php
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
 
 <div class="container">
     <!-- 科目管理折叠面板 -->
-    <div class="card" style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
-        <div class="collapsible-header" onclick="toggleSubjectPanel()" style="cursor: pointer; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 15px 20px;">
+    <div class="card collapsible-card" style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
+        <div class="collapsible-header" id="subjectPanelHeader">
             <h3 style="margin: 0; font-size: 16px;">📚 科目管理</h3>
             <span id="subjectPanelToggle" class="toggle-icon">▶ 展开</span>
         </div>
-        <div id="subjectPanelContent" style="display: none; padding: 0 20px 20px;">
+        <div id="subjectPanelContent" class="collapsible-content">
             <div class="action-bar">
                 <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="showAddSubjectModal()">添加科目</button>
             </div>
@@ -92,9 +92,6 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
                 <div class="deduction-types">
                     <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" onclick="selectDeductionType(-window.DEDUCTION_HOMEWORK_NOT_SUBMIT, '未交作业')">未交作业(-<span class="hw-not-submit"></span>分)</button>
                     <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" onclick="selectDeductionType(-window.DEDUCTION_HOMEWORK_LATE, '迟交作业')">迟交作业(-<span class="hw-late"></span>分)</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" onclick="selectDeductionType(null, '卫生')">卫生</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" onclick="selectDeductionType(null, '课堂')">课堂</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" onclick="selectDeductionType(null, '纪律')">纪律</button>
                     <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" onclick="selectDeductionType(0, '')">自定义</button>
                 </div>
             </div>
@@ -189,7 +186,7 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
     gap: 12px;
 }
 .subject-item {
-    background: #f8f9fa;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
     padding: 12px 20px;
     border-radius: 8px;
     display: flex;
@@ -201,7 +198,7 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
     font-size: 16px;
 }
 .subject-code {
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
     font-size: 12px;
 }
 .subject-status {
@@ -217,22 +214,36 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
     background: #fed7d7;
     color: #742a2a;
 }
-.collapsible-header {
+.collapsible-card .collapsible-header {
+    cursor: pointer;
+    display: flex;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    align-items: center;
+    padding: 15px 20px;
     user-select: none;
+    transition: background 0.2s;
+    border-radius: 12px;
 }
-.collapsible-header:hover {
-    background: #f8f9fa;
+.collapsible-card .collapsible-header:hover {
+    background: var(--color-hover, #f7fafc);
+}
+.collapsible-card .collapsible-content {
+    max-height: 0;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    transition: max-height 0.3s ease-out, padding 0.3s ease-out;
+    padding: 0 20px;
+}
+.collapsible-card .collapsible-content.expanded {
+    max-height: 1000px;
+    padding: 0 20px 20px;
 }
 .toggle-icon {
     font-size: 12px;
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary, #666);
+    transition: transform 0.3s;
 }
-.btn-danger {
-    background: #e53e3e;
-    color: white;
-}
-.btn-danger:hover {
-    background: #c53030;
+.toggle-icon.expanded {
+    transform: rotate(90deg);
 }
 </style>
 
diff --git a/frontend/admin/semesters.php b/frontend/admin/semesters.php
index 671f46b..7de76d4 100644
--- a/frontend/admin/semesters.php
+++ b/frontend/admin/semesters.php
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
                 <input type="text" id="semesterName" required placeholder="如：2025春季学期" maxlength="100">
             </div>
             <div style="margin-bottom: 8px;">
-                <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" style="border: 1px solid #667eea; color: #667eea; margin-right: 6px;" onclick="fillSemesterDates('upper')">上学期（9月-次年2月）</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm" style="border: 1px solid #667eea; color: #667eea;" onclick="fillSemesterDates('lower')">下学期（3月-7月）</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" style="margin-right: 6px;" onclick="fillSemesterDates('upper')">上学期（9月-次年2月）</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onclick="fillSemesterDates('lower')">下学期（3月-7月）</button>
             </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                 <label>开始日期</label>
diff --git a/frontend/admin/students.php b/frontend/admin/students.php
index ce30d0e..62c6830 100644
--- a/frontend/admin/students.php
+++ b/frontend/admin/students.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
             <div class="action-buttons">
                 <?php if ($role === '班主任'): ?>
                 <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="showImportModal()">导入学生</button>
-                <button class="btn btn-success" onclick="showAddStudentModal()">新增学生</button>
+                <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="showAddStudentModal()">新增学生</button>
                 <?php endif; ?>
             </div>
             <div class="search-bar">
diff --git a/frontend/api/check_upgrade.php b/frontend/api/check_upgrade.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..728c3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/api/check_upgrade.php
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * 检查数据库版本是否需要升级
+ * 返回 JSON: {needs_upgrade: bool, current: string, target: string}
+ */
+
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../config.php';
+
+header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
+
+// 只有班主任才能检查升级
+if (!isset($_SESSION['user_id']) || $_SESSION['user_type'] !== 'admin') {
+    echo json_encode(['error' => '未授权']);
+    exit();
+}
+
+$role = $_SESSION['role'] ?? '';
+if ($role !== '班主任') {
+    echo json_encode(['needs_upgrade' => false]);
+    exit();
+}
+
+// 读取后端 .env 获取数据库配置
+$envPath = __DIR__ . '/../../backend/.env';
+if (!file_exists($envPath)) {
+    echo json_encode(['error' => '数据库配置文件不存在']);
+    exit();
+}
+
+$lines = file($envPath, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
+$dbConfig = [];
+foreach ($lines as $line) {
+    $line = trim($line);
+    if ($line === '' || strpos($line, '#') === 0) {
+        continue;
+    }
+    if (strpos($line, '=') !== false) {
+        list($key, $value) = explode('=', $line, 2);
+        $dbConfig[trim($key)] = trim($value);
+    }
+}
+
+$required = ['DB_HOST', 'DB_PORT', 'DB_USER', 'DB_PASSWORD', 'DB_NAME'];
+foreach ($required as $key) {
+    if (!isset($dbConfig[$key]) || $dbConfig[$key] === '') {
+        echo json_encode(['error' => "缺少数据库配置: {$key}"]);
+        exit();
+    }
+}
+
+try {
+    $dsn = "mysql:host={$dbConfig['DB_HOST']};port={$dbConfig['DB_PORT']};dbname={$dbConfig['DB_NAME']};charset=utf8mb4";
+    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $dbConfig['DB_USER'], $dbConfig['DB_PASSWORD'], [
+        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
+    ]);
+
+    // 检测当前版本
+    $currentVersion = '0.0.0';
+    try {
+        $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT setting_value FROM system_settings WHERE setting_key = 'db_version'");
+        $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        if ($row) {
+            $currentVersion = $row['setting_value'];
+        }
+    } catch (PDOException $e) {
+        // 表不存在，使用默认值
+    }
+
+    // 读取目标版本
+    $versionFile = __DIR__ . '/../../VERSION';
+    if (!file_exists($versionFile)) {
+        echo json_encode(['error' => 'VERSION 文件不存在']);
+        exit();
+    }
+    $targetVersion = trim(file_get_contents($versionFile));
+
+    $needsUpgrade = version_compare($targetVersion, $currentVersion, '>');
+
+    $allVersions = [
+        '1.7'   => 'v1.7.sql',
+        '1.8'   => 'v1.8.sql',
+        '2.0'   => 'v2.0.sql',
+        '2.0.1' => 'v2.0.1.sql',
+        '2.1'   => 'v2.1.sql',
+    ];
+    $steps = [];
+    foreach ($allVersions as $version => $file) {
+        if (version_compare($version, $currentVersion, '>') &&
+            version_compare($version, $targetVersion, '<=')) {
+            $steps[] = ['version' => $version, 'file' => $file];
+        }
+    }
+    usort($steps, function($a, $b) { return version_compare($a['version'], $b['version']); });
+
+    echo json_encode([
+        'needs_upgrade' => $needsUpgrade,
+        'current' => $currentVersion,
+        'target' => $targetVersion,
+        'steps' => $steps
+    ]);
+} catch (PDOException $e) {
+    echo json_encode(['error' => '数据库连接失败: ' . $e->getMessage()]);
+}
diff --git a/frontend/assets/css/admin.css b/frontend/assets/css/admin.css
index abe722e..09f8671 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/css/admin.css
+++ b/frontend/assets/css/admin.css
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 }
 
 .batch-info {
-    color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
     font-weight: 500;
 }
 
 /* 导入区域 */
 .import-area {
-    border: 2px dashed #ddd;
+    border: 2px dashed var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 12px;
     padding: 30px;
     text-align: center;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 }
 
 .import-area:hover {
-    border-color: #667eea;
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 .import-area input {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 }
 
 .import-label {
-    color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
     text-decoration: underline;
     cursor: pointer;
 }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 
 /* 筛选栏 */
 .filter-bar {
-    background: #f8f9fa;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
     padding: 16px;
     border-radius: 8px;
     margin-bottom: 20px;
@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@
     display: block;
     margin-bottom: 4px;
     font-size: 12px;
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
 
 .filter-group input,
 .filter-group select {
     width: 100%;
     padding: 8px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 4px;
 }
 
@@ -106,18 +106,18 @@
 .assignment-title {
     font-size: 16px;
     font-weight: bold;
-    color: #333;
+    color: var(--color-text);
 }
 
 .assignment-meta {
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
     font-size: 12px;
 }
 
 /* 状态选择器 */
 .status-select {
     padding: 4px 8px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 4px;
     font-size: 12px;
 }
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@
 }
 
 .attendance-toolbar .status-btn.active {
-    border-color: #667eea;
-    background: #eef2ff;
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
+    background: var(--color-primary-light);
     color: #4338ca;
 }
 
diff --git a/frontend/assets/css/style.css b/frontend/assets/css/style.css
index 5035433..6a36edd 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/css/style.css
+++ b/frontend/assets/css/style.css
@@ -9,6 +9,43 @@
  * 版权所有 © Sea Network Technology Studio
  */
 
+:root {
+    /* 主色调 */
+    --color-primary: #4361ee;
+    --color-primary-light: #eef0ff;
+    --color-primary-dark: #3651d4;
+    --color-primary-hover: #3a56d4;
+    
+    /* 语义色 */
+    --color-danger: #e53e3e;
+    --color-danger-light: #fff5f5;
+    --color-danger-dark: #c53030;
+    --color-success: #38a169;
+    --color-success-light: #f0fff4;
+    --color-warning: #d69e2e;
+    --color-warning-light: #fffff0;
+    
+    /* 灰度 */
+    --color-text: #1a202c;
+    --color-text-secondary: #4a5568;
+    --color-text-muted: #a0aec0;
+    --color-bg: #f5f7fb;
+    --color-card: #ffffff;
+    --color-border: #e2e8f0;
+    --color-border-light: #edf2f7;
+    --color-hover: #f7fafc;
+    
+    /* 按钮 */
+    --btn-primary-bg: var(--color-primary);
+    --btn-primary-text: #ffffff;
+    --btn-outline-bg: transparent;
+    --btn-outline-border: var(--color-primary);
+    --btn-outline-text: var(--color-primary);
+    --btn-danger-bg: var(--color-danger);
+    --btn-danger-text: #ffffff;
+    --btn-ghost-text: var(--color-text-secondary);
+}
+
 * {
     margin: 0;
     padding: 0;
@@ -17,10 +54,10 @@
 
 body {
     font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
-    background: #f5f7fb;
+    background: var(--color-bg);
     min-height: 100vh;
     font-size: 14px;
-    color: #333;
+    color: var(--color-text);
 }
 
 /* ========== 登录页面 ========== */
@@ -41,12 +78,12 @@ body {
 
 .login-header h1 {
     font-size: 24px;
-    color: #333;
+    color: var(--color-text);
     margin-bottom: 8px;
 }
 
 .login-header p {
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     font-size: 14px;
 }
 
@@ -57,14 +94,14 @@ body {
 .login-form label {
     display: block;
     margin-bottom: 6px;
-    color: #555;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     font-weight: 500;
 }
 
 .login-form input {
     width: 100%;
     padding: 12px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 8px;
     font-size: 14px;
     transition: border-color 0.3s;
@@ -72,13 +109,13 @@ body {
 
 .login-form input:focus {
     outline: none;
-    border-color: #667eea;
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 .btn-login {
     width: 100%;
     padding: 12px;
-    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-primary) 0%, #764ba2 100%);
     color: white;
     border: none;
     border-radius: 8px;
@@ -93,8 +130,8 @@ body {
 }
 
 .error-msg {
-    background: #fee;
-    color: #c33;
+    background: var(--color-danger-light);
+    color: var(--color-danger);
     padding: 10px;
     border-radius: 8px;
     margin-top: 15px;
@@ -106,8 +143,8 @@ body {
     text-align: center;
     margin-top: 30px;
     padding-top: 20px;
-    border-top: 1px solid #eee;
-    color: #999;
+    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
     font-size: 12px;
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +163,7 @@ body {
 
 .header h1 {
     font-size: 18px;
-    color: #333;
+    color: var(--color-text);
 }
 
 .header-info {
@@ -136,12 +173,12 @@ body {
 }
 
 .user-name {
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     font-weight: 500;
 }
 
 .user-role {
-    background: #667eea;
+    background: var(--color-primary);
     color: white;
     padding: 2px 8px;
     border-radius: 20px;
@@ -149,7 +186,7 @@ body {
 }
 
 .btn-logout {
-    background: #e53e3e;
+    background: var(--color-danger);
     color: white;
     border: none;
     padding: 6px 16px;
@@ -160,14 +197,14 @@ body {
 }
 
 .btn-logout:hover {
-    background: #c53030;
+    background: var(--color-danger-dark);
 }
 
 /* ========== 导航菜单 ========== */
 .nav {
     background: white;
     padding: 0 24px;
-    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
     display: flex;
     gap: 4px;
     overflow-x: auto;
@@ -177,7 +214,7 @@ body {
     padding: 12px 20px;
     background: none;
     border: none;
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     cursor: pointer;
     font-size: 14px;
     transition: all 0.3s;
@@ -187,12 +224,12 @@ body {
 }
 
 .nav-item:hover {
-    color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 .nav-item.active {
-    color: #667eea;
-    border-bottom-color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
+    border-bottom-color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 /* ========== 容器 ========== */
@@ -216,8 +253,8 @@ body {
     font-weight: bold;
     margin-bottom: 16px;
     padding-bottom: 12px;
-    border-bottom: 2px solid #667eea;
-    color: #333;
+    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
+    color: var(--color-text);
 }
 
 /* ========== 统计卡片网格 ========== */
@@ -239,12 +276,12 @@ body {
 .stat-value {
     font-size: 32px;
     font-weight: bold;
-    color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
     margin: 10px 0;
 }
 
 .stat-label {
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     font-size: 13px;
 }
 
@@ -261,17 +298,17 @@ table {
 th, td {
     padding: 12px;
     text-align: left;
-    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
 }
 
 th {
-    background: #f8f9fa;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
     font-weight: 600;
-    color: #555;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
 
 tr:hover {
-    background: #f8f9fa;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
 }
 
 /* ========== 状态标签 ========== */
@@ -324,57 +361,94 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .btn-primary {
-    background: #667eea;
-    color: white;
+    background: var(--btn-primary-bg);
+    color: var(--btn-primary-text);
+    border: 1px solid transparent;
 }
 
 .btn-primary:hover {
-    background: #5a67d8;
+    background: var(--color-primary-hover);
 }
 
 .btn-danger {
-    background: #e53e3e;
-    color: white;
+    background: var(--btn-danger-bg);
+    color: var(--btn-danger-text);
+    border: 1px solid transparent;
 }
 
 .btn-danger:hover {
-    background: #c53030;
+    background: var(--color-danger-dark);
 }
 
 .btn-success {
-    background: #38a169;
-    color: white;
+    background: var(--color-success-light);
+    color: var(--color-success);
+    border: 1px solid #c6f6d5;
 }
 
 .btn-success:hover {
-    background: #2f855a;
+    background: #c6f6d5;
 }
 
 .btn-warning {
-    background: #d69e2e;
-    color: white;
+    background: var(--color-warning-light);
+    color: var(--color-warning);
+    border: 1px solid #fefcbf;
 }
 
 .btn-warning:hover {
-    background: #b7791f;
+    background: #fefcbf;
 }
 
 .btn-info {
-    background: #3182ce;
-    color: white;
+    background: #e3f2fd;
+    color: #1565c0;
+    border: 1px solid #bbdefb;
 }
 
 .btn-info:hover {
-    background: #2b6cb0;
+    background: #bbdefb;
 }
 
 .btn-secondary {
-    background: #718096;
-    color: white;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
 }
 
 .btn-secondary:hover {
-    background: #4a5568;
+    background: var(--color-border-light);
+}
+
+.btn-outline {
+    background: transparent;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
+}
+
+.btn-outline:hover {
+    background: var(--color-primary-light);
+}
+
+.btn-ghost {
+    background: transparent;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+}
+
+.btn-ghost:hover {
+    background: var(--color-hover);
+    border-color: var(--color-text-muted);
+}
+
+.btn-outline-danger {
+    background: transparent;
+    color: var(--color-danger);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-danger);
+}
+
+.btn-outline-danger:hover {
+    background: var(--color-danger-light);
 }
 
 .btn-sm {
@@ -412,12 +486,12 @@ tr:hover {
     align-items: center;
     margin-bottom: 20px;
     padding-bottom: 12px;
-    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
 }
 
 .modal-header h3 {
     font-size: 18px;
-    color: #333;
+    color: var(--color-text);
 }
 
 .modal-close {
@@ -425,13 +499,13 @@ tr:hover {
     border: none;
     font-size: 24px;
     cursor: pointer;
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
 }
 
 .modal-footer {
     margin-top: 20px;
     padding-top: 16px;
-    border-top: 1px solid #eee;
+    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
     display: flex;
     justify-content: flex-end;
     gap: 12px;
@@ -446,7 +520,7 @@ tr:hover {
     display: block;
     margin-bottom: 6px;
     font-weight: 500;
-    color: #555;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
 
 .form-group input,
@@ -454,7 +528,7 @@ tr:hover {
 .form-group textarea {
     width: 100%;
     padding: 10px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 6px;
     font-size: 14px;
 }
@@ -463,12 +537,12 @@ tr:hover {
 .form-group select:focus,
 .form-group textarea:focus {
     outline: none;
-    border-color: #667eea;
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 .form-group small {
     display: block;
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
     font-size: 12px;
     margin-top: 4px;
 }
@@ -513,7 +587,7 @@ tr:hover {
 
 .search-bar input {
     padding: 8px 12px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 6px;
     width: 200px;
 }
@@ -530,10 +604,10 @@ tr:hover {
 
 .pagination a, .pagination span {
     padding: 6px 12px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 4px;
     text-decoration: none;
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     cursor: pointer;
     min-width: 36px;
     text-align: center;
@@ -542,22 +616,22 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .pagination a:hover {
-    background: #f0f0ff;
-    border-color: #667eea;
-    color: #667eea;
+    background: var(--color-primary-light);
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
+    color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 .pagination .active {
-    background: #667eea;
+    background: var(--color-primary);
     color: white;
-    border-color: #667eea;
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 .pagination .ellipsis {
     border: none;
     cursor: default;
     padding: 6px 4px;
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
     min-width: auto;
 }
 
@@ -567,13 +641,13 @@ tr:hover {
     gap: 4px;
     margin-left: 8px;
     font-size: 13px;
-    color: #666;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
 
 .pagination .page-jump input {
     width: 50px;
     padding: 5px 8px;
-    border: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     border-radius: 4px;
     text-align: center;
     font-size: 13px;
@@ -581,8 +655,8 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .pagination .page-jump input:focus {
-    border-color: #667eea;
-    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.15);
+    border-color: var(--color-primary);
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(67, 97, 238, 0.15);
 }
 
 .pagination .page-nav {
@@ -605,11 +679,11 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .toast-success {
-    background: #38a169;
+    background: var(--color-success);
 }
 
 .toast-error {
-    background: #e53e3e;
+    background: var(--color-danger);
 }
 
 .toast-warning {
@@ -632,8 +706,8 @@ tr:hover {
     display: inline-block;
     width: 20px;
     height: 20px;
-    border: 2px solid #ddd;
-    border-top-color: #667eea;
+    border: 2px solid var(--color-border);
+    border-top-color: var(--color-primary);
     border-radius: 50%;
     animation: spin 0.8s linear infinite;
 }
@@ -646,14 +720,14 @@ tr:hover {
 .footer {
     text-align: center;
     padding: 20px;
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
     font-size: 12px;
 }
 
 /* ========== 记录项 ========== */
 .record-item {
     padding: 12px 0;
-    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
     display: flex;
     justify-content: space-between;
     align-items: center;
@@ -664,22 +738,22 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .record-points.plus {
-    color: #38a169;
+    color: var(--color-success);
 }
 
 .record-points.minus {
-    color: #e53e3e;
+    color: var(--color-danger);
 }
 
 .record-reason {
     flex: 1;
     margin: 0 15px;
-    color: #555;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
 
 .record-time {
     font-size: 12px;
-    color: #999;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
 }
 
 .view-more {
@@ -688,7 +762,7 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .view-more a {
-    color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
     text-decoration: none;
 }
 
@@ -700,7 +774,7 @@ tr:hover {
 .score-number {
     font-size: 64px;
     font-weight: bold;
-    color: #667eea;
+    color: var(--color-primary);
 }
 
 /* ========== 响应式 ========== */
@@ -755,9 +829,9 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-toggle {
-    background: #f7fafc;
-    color: #4a5568;
-    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     padding: 4px 10px;
     font-size: 12px;
     cursor: pointer;
@@ -767,13 +841,13 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-toggle:hover {
-    background: #edf2f7;
+    background: var(--color-border-light);
     border-color: #cbd5e0;
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-toggle.open {
-    background: #edf2f7;
-    border-color: #a0aec0;
+    background: var(--color-border-light);
+    border-color: var(--color-text-muted);
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-menu {
@@ -785,7 +859,7 @@ tr:hover {
     background: white;
     border-radius: 8px;
     box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
-    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
+    border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
     min-width: 120px;
     z-index: 200;
     overflow: hidden;
@@ -799,7 +873,7 @@ tr:hover {
 .action-dropdown-menu a {
     display: block;
     padding: 8px 14px;
-    color: #4a5568;
+    color: var(--color-text-secondary);
     font-size: 13px;
     cursor: pointer;
     text-decoration: none;
@@ -808,20 +882,20 @@ tr:hover {
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-menu a:hover {
-    background: #f7fafc;
+    background: var(--color-hover);
     color: #2d3748;
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-menu a.danger {
-    color: #e53e3e;
-    border-top: 1px solid #edf2f7;
+    color: var(--color-danger);
+    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
     margin-top: 4px;
     padding-top: 10px;
 }
 
 .action-dropdown-menu a.danger:hover {
-    background: #fff5f5;
-    color: #c53030;
+    background: var(--color-danger-light);
+    color: var(--color-danger-dark);
 }
 
 @media (max-width: 768px) {
@@ -829,4 +903,26 @@ tr:hover {
         right: auto;
         left: 0;
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+/* ========== 链接 ========== */
+.link {
+    color: var(--color-primary);
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.link:hover {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+/* ========== 文本工具类 ========== */
+.text-danger { color: var(--color-danger); }
+.text-success { color: var(--color-success); }
+.text-muted { color: var(--color-text-muted); }
+
+/* ========== 标签 ========== */
+.tag { padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px; }
+.tag-success { background: #e8f5e9; color: #2e7d32; }
+.tag-danger { background: #ffebee; color: #c62828; }
+.tag-warning { background: #fff3e0; color: #e65100; }
+.tag-info { background: #e3f2fd; color: #1565c0; }
diff --git a/frontend/assets/js/conduct.js b/frontend/assets/js/conduct.js
index e6bfce5..259b8d4 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/js/conduct.js
+++ b/frontend/assets/js/conduct.js
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ async function loadStudents() {
             html += `<tr>
                 <td><input type="checkbox" class="student-checkbox" data-id="${student.student_id}"></td>
                 <td>${escapeHtml(student.student_no)}</td>
-                <td><a href="/admin/history.php?student_id=${student.student_id}" style="color: #3498db; text-decoration: none;">${escapeHtml(student.name)}</a></td>
+                <td><a href="/admin/history.php?student_id=${student.student_id}" class="link">${escapeHtml(student.name)}</a></td>
                 <td>${student.total_points}</td>
-                <td><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="showSinglePointsModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.name)}')">加减分</button></td>
+                <td><button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onclick="showSinglePointsModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.name)}')">加减分</button></td>
             </tr>`;
         });
         if (res.data.students.length === 0) {
diff --git a/frontend/assets/js/dashboard.js b/frontend/assets/js/dashboard.js
index cec02a4..7695740 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/js/dashboard.js
+++ b/frontend/assets/js/dashboard.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ async function loadDashboard() {
         quickActions += '<button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="location.href=\'/admin/conduct.php\'">操行分管理</button>';
     }
     if (role === '班主任') {
-        quickActions += '<button class="btn btn-success" onclick="location.href=\'/admin/students.php\'">导入学生</button>';
+        quickActions += '<button class="btn btn-outline" onclick="location.href=\'/admin/students.php\'">导入学生</button>';
         quickActions += '<button class="btn btn-secondary" onclick="location.href=\'/admin/conduct.php\'">导出德育分记录</button>';
     }
     document.getElementById('quickActions').innerHTML = quickActions || '<p>暂无快捷操作</p>';
diff --git a/frontend/assets/js/homework-manage.js b/frontend/assets/js/homework-manage.js
index c550650..723ebb5 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/js/homework-manage.js
+++ b/frontend/assets/js/homework-manage.js
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ async function loadStudents() {
                 <td>${escapeHtml(student.student_no)}</td>
                 <td>${escapeHtml(student.name)}</td>
                 <td>${student.total_points}</td>
-                <td><button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="showSinglePointsModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.name)}')">加减分</button></td>
+                <td><button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onclick="showSinglePointsModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.name)}')">加减分</button></td>
             </tr>`;
         });
         if (res.data.students.length === 0) {
@@ -110,13 +110,18 @@ function handleSubmitPoints() {
 function toggleSubjectPanel() {
     const content = document.getElementById('subjectPanelContent');
     const toggle = document.getElementById('subjectPanelToggle');
-    if (content.style.display === 'none') {
-        content.style.display = 'block';
+    if (!content || !toggle) return;
+    
+    const isExpanded = content.classList.contains('expanded');
+    if (isExpanded) {
+        content.classList.remove('expanded');
+        toggle.classList.remove('expanded');
+        toggle.textContent = '▶ 展开';
+    } else {
+        content.classList.add('expanded');
+        toggle.classList.add('expanded');
         toggle.textContent = '▼ 收起';
         loadSubjectList();
-    } else {
-        content.style.display = 'none';
-        toggle.textContent = '▶ 展开';
     }
 }
 
@@ -132,11 +137,11 @@ async function loadSubjectList() {
                     <span class="subject-status ${sub.is_active ? 'subject-status-active' : 'subject-status-inactive'}">
                         ${sub.is_active ? '启用' : '禁用'}
                     </span>
-                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="showEditSubjectModal(${sub.subject_id}, '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_name)}', '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_code || '')}', ${sub.sort_order || 0})">编辑</button>
-                    <button class="btn btn-sm" onclick="toggleSubjectStatus(${sub.subject_id}, ${!sub.is_active})">
+                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onclick="showEditSubjectModal(${sub.subject_id}, '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_name)}', '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_code || '')}', ${sub.sort_order || 0})">编辑</button>
+                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-ghost" onclick="toggleSubjectStatus(${sub.subject_id}, ${!sub.is_active})">
                         ${sub.is_active ? '禁用' : '启用'}
                     </button>
-                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" onclick="deleteSubject(${sub.subject_id})">删除</button>
+                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-danger" onclick="deleteSubject(${sub.subject_id})">删除</button>
                 </div>
             `;
         });
@@ -234,6 +239,12 @@ async function submitEditSubject() {
     }
 }
 
+// 绑定科目管理折叠面板
+var subjectHeader = document.getElementById('subjectPanelHeader');
+if (subjectHeader) {
+    subjectHeader.addEventListener('click', toggleSubjectPanel);
+}
+
 loadStudents();
 loadSubjectsForHomework();
 
diff --git a/frontend/assets/js/student-homework.js b/frontend/assets/js/student-homework.js
index 2b2a57c..1860f23 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/js/student-homework.js
+++ b/frontend/assets/js/student-homework.js
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ async function loadHomework() {
                 statusDisplay = getStatusBadge(hw.status, 'homework');
             }
             // 扣分显示
-            const pointsDisplay = hw.points ? `<span style="color: #e53e3e;">${hw.points}分</span>` : '-';
+            const pointsDisplay = hw.points ? `<span class="text-danger">${hw.points}分</span>` : '-';
             
             html += `<tr>
                 <td>${escapeHtml(hw.title)}</td>
diff --git a/frontend/assets/js/students-manage.js b/frontend/assets/js/students-manage.js
index 59f2522..4cf17ce 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/js/students-manage.js
+++ b/frontend/assets/js/students-manage.js
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ async function loadStudents(page = 1) {
             html += `<tr>
                 <td><input type="checkbox" class="student-checkbox" data-id="${student.student_id}"></td>
                 <td>${escapeHtml(student.student_no)}</td>
-                <td><a href="/admin/history.php?student_id=${student.student_id}" style="color: #3498db; text-decoration: none;">${escapeHtml(student.name)}</a></td>
+                <td><a href="/admin/history.php?student_id=${student.student_id}" class="link">${escapeHtml(student.name)}</a></td>
                 <td>${escapeHtml(student.dormitory_number || '-')}</td>
                 <td>${student.total_points}</td>
                 ${userRole === '班主任' ? `<td>${student.parent_phone ? student.parent_phone.slice(0,3) + '******' + student.parent_phone.slice(-2) : '-'}</td>` : ''}
                 <td>
                     <div class="action-dropdown">
-                        <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="showSinglePointsModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.name)}')">加减分</button>
+                        <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onclick="showSinglePointsModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.name)}')">加减分</button>
                         ${userRole === '班主任' ? `<button class="btn btn-sm action-dropdown-toggle" onclick="toggleActionDropdown(this)">更多 ▼</button>
                         <div class="action-dropdown-menu">
                             <a onclick="showEditStudentModal(${student.student_id}, '${escapeHtml(student.student_no)}', '${escapeHtml(student.name)}', '${escapeHtml(student.parent_phone || '')}', '${escapeHtml(student.dormitory_number || '')}')">编辑</a>
diff --git a/frontend/assets/js/subjects.js b/frontend/assets/js/subjects.js
index 4e83ed3..628c80a 100644
--- a/frontend/assets/js/subjects.js
+++ b/frontend/assets/js/subjects.js
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ async function loadSubjects() {
                     <span class="subject-status ${sub.is_active ? 'subject-status-active' : 'subject-status-inactive'}">
                         ${sub.is_active ? '启用' : '禁用'}
                     </span>
-                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" onclick="showEditSubjectModal(${sub.subject_id}, '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_name)}', '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_code || '')}', ${sub.sort_order || 0})">编辑</button>
-                    <button class="btn btn-sm" onclick="toggleSubject(${sub.subject_id}, ${!sub.is_active})">
+                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onclick="showEditSubjectModal(${sub.subject_id}, '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_name)}', '${escapeHtml(sub.subject_code || '')}', ${sub.sort_order || 0})">编辑</button>
+                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-ghost" onclick="toggleSubject(${sub.subject_id}, ${!sub.is_active})">
                         ${sub.is_active ? '禁用' : '启用'}
                     </button>
-                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" onclick="deleteSubject(${sub.subject_id})">删除</button>
+                    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-danger" onclick="deleteSubject(${sub.subject_id})">删除</button>
                 </div>
             `;
         });
diff --git a/frontend/student/semester_history.php b/frontend/student/semester_history.php
index 7c5882a..257960c 100644
--- a/frontend/student/semester_history.php
+++ b/frontend/student/semester_history.php
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
         border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
     }
     .nav .nav-item.active {
-        color: #667eea;
-        border-bottom-color: #667eea;
+        color: var(--color-primary);
+        border-bottom-color: var(--color-primary);
         font-weight: bold;
     }
     .semester-card {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
         align-items: center;
         margin-bottom: 12px;
         padding-bottom: 12px;
-        border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
     }
     .semester-name {
         font-size: 18px;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../includes/header.php';
     .semester-stat-value {
         font-size: 24px;
         font-weight: bold;
-        color: #667eea;
+        color: var(--color-primary);
     }
     .semester-stat-label {
         font-size: 12px;
@@ -169,18 +169,18 @@ async function loadSemesterRecords() {
                         <div style="margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 12px; border-top: 1px solid #eee;">
                             <div style="font-size: 12px; color: #999; margin-bottom: 8px;">考勤统计</div>
                             <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
-                                <span style="background: #e8f5e9; color: #388e3c; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">出勤 ${record.attendance_present || 0}</span>
-                                <span style="background: #ffebee; color: #c62828; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">缺勤 ${record.attendance_absent || 0}</span>
-                                <span style="background: #fff3e0; color: #e65100; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">迟到 ${record.attendance_late || 0}</span>
-                                <span style="background: #e3f2fd; color: #1565c0; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">请假 ${record.attendance_leave || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-success">出勤 ${record.attendance_present || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-danger">缺勤 ${record.attendance_absent || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-warning">迟到 ${record.attendance_late || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-info">请假 ${record.attendance_leave || 0}</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                         <div style="margin-top: 8px;">
                             <div style="font-size: 12px; color: #999; margin-bottom: 8px;">作业统计</div>
                             <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
-                                <span style="background: #e8f5e9; color: #388e3c; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">已交 ${record.homework_submitted || 0}</span>
-                                <span style="background: #ffebee; color: #c62828; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">未交 ${record.homework_not_submitted || 0}</span>
-                                <span style="background: #fff3e0; color: #e65100; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 12px;">迟交 ${record.homework_late || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-success">已交 ${record.homework_submitted || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-danger">未交 ${record.homework_not_submitted || 0}</span>
+                                <span class="tag tag-warning">迟交 ${record.homework_late || 0}</span>
                             </div>
                         </div>
                     </div>
diff --git a/sql/init.sql b/sql/init.sql
index aed8b66..99f7dc0 100644
--- a/sql/init.sql
+++ b/sql/init.sql
@@ -204,272 +204,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `semester_archives` (
 
 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
 
--- ===========================================
--- 迁移语句：为现有表新增字段（仅在字段不存在时添加）
--- ===========================================
-
--- conduct_records 表：添加 semester_id 字段（如不存在）
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` ADD COLUMN `semester_id` INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ''所属学期ID'' AFTER `revoked_at`',
-    'SELECT ''conduct_records.semester_id already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 为新增的 semester_id 添加外键（如不存在）
-SET @fk_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id'
-    AND REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME IS NOT NULL
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@fk_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` ADD FOREIGN KEY (`semester_id`) REFERENCES `semesters`(`semester_id`) ON DELETE SET NULL',
-    'SELECT ''conduct_records semester_id FK already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- attendance_records 表：添加 semester_id 字段（如不存在）
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` ADD COLUMN `semester_id` INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ''所属学期ID'' AFTER `deduction_record_id`',
-    'SELECT ''attendance_records.semester_id already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 为新增的 semester_id 添加外键（如不存在）
-SET @fk_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id'
-    AND REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME IS NOT NULL
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@fk_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` ADD FOREIGN KEY (`semester_id`) REFERENCES `semesters`(`semester_id`) ON DELETE SET NULL',
-    'SELECT ''attendance_records semester_id FK already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- attendance_records 表：添加 slot 字段（如不存在）
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'slot'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` ADD COLUMN `slot` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT ''morning'' COMMENT ''时段: morning/afternoon/evening'' AFTER `date`',
-    'SELECT ''attendance_records.slot already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 删除旧唯一键并添加新唯一键（含slot）
-SET @uk_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
-    AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'uk_student_date'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@uk_exists > 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` DROP INDEX `uk_student_date`, ADD UNIQUE KEY `uk_student_date_slot` (`student_id`, `date`, `slot`)',
-    'SELECT ''uk_student_date does not exist, skipping'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 attendance_present 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'attendance_present'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `attendance_present` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''出勤次数'' AFTER `total_students`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.attendance_present already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 attendance_absent 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'attendance_absent'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `attendance_absent` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''缺勤次数'' AFTER `attendance_present`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.attendance_absent already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 attendance_late 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'attendance_late'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `attendance_late` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''迟到次数'' AFTER `attendance_absent`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.attendance_late already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 attendance_leave 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'attendance_leave'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `attendance_leave` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''请假次数'' AFTER `attendance_late`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.attendance_leave already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 homework_submitted 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'homework_submitted'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `homework_submitted` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''已交作业数'' AFTER `attendance_leave`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.homework_submitted already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 homework_not_submitted 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'homework_not_submitted'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `homework_not_submitted` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''未交作业数'' AFTER `homework_submitted`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.homework_not_submitted already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：semester_archives 表新增 homework_late 字段
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'homework_late'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD COLUMN `homework_late` INT DEFAULT 0 COMMENT ''迟交作业数'' AFTER `homework_not_submitted`',
-    'SELECT ''semester_archives.homework_late already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：attendance_records 表新增 slot 字段（考勤时段系统 v1.3）
-SET @column_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
-    AND COLUMN_NAME = 'slot'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@column_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` ADD COLUMN `slot` ENUM(''morning'', ''afternoon'', ''evening'') DEFAULT ''morning'' COMMENT ''考勤时段：早上/中午/晚修'' AFTER `date`',
-    'SELECT ''attendance_records.slot already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
--- 迁移：attendance_records 唯一索引从 (student_id, date) 改为 (student_id, date, slot)
-SET @index_exists = (
-    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
-    WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'classmanagerdb'
-    AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
-    AND INDEX_NAME = 'uk_student_date_slot'
-);
-SET @sql = IF(@index_exists = 0,
-    'ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` DROP INDEX `uk_student_date`, ADD UNIQUE KEY `uk_student_date_slot` (`student_id`, `date`, `slot`)',
-    'SELECT ''attendance_records.uk_student_date_slot already exists'' AS message'
-);
-PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
-
 -- 插入初始科目（仅语数英，如不存在）
 INSERT IGNORE INTO `subjects` (`subject_name`, `subject_code`, `sort_order`) VALUES
 ('语文', 'CHI', 1),
 ('数学', 'MATH', 2),
 ('英语', 'ENG', 3);
 
-SELECT '数据库初始化/迁移完成！' AS message;
-
--- ===========================================
--- v2.0 迁移脚本
--- ===========================================
-
--- 扩展密码哈希字段长度以支持bcrypt
-ALTER TABLE users MODIFY COLUMN password_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL;
-
--- 添加宿舍号字段
-SET @dbname = DATABASE();
-SET @tablename = 'students';
-SET @columnname = 'dormitory_number';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = @tablename AND COLUMN_NAME = @columnname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE students ADD COLUMN dormitory_number VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ''宿舍号'' AFTER parent_phone'
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
-
--- 添加分数最后更新时间字段
-SET @columnname = 'points_updated_at';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = @tablename AND COLUMN_NAME = @columnname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE students ADD COLUMN points_updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT ''分数最后更新时间'''
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
+SELECT '数据库初始化完成！' AS message;
diff --git a/sql/upgrade_v2.0.sql b/sql/upgrade_v2.0.sql
deleted file mode 100644
index 3769b7f..0000000
--- a/sql/upgrade_v2.0.sql
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
--- ===========================================
--- 班级操行分管理系统 - v2.0 数据库迁移脚本
--- 适用版本: v1.8 → v2.0
--- 字符集: utf8mb4
--- 
--- 说明:
---   v2.0 主要为应用层代码变更（UI折叠菜单、扣分类型扩展、
---   科目选择修复、页面改名、记录人优化、学期管理优化等），
---   数据库 schema 变更较少。本脚本主要处理历史数据迁移
---   和索引优化。
--- 
--- 迁移内容:
---   1. 将 conduct_records.recorder_name 从用户名更新为真实姓名
---   2. 将 attendance_records 相关记录中的 recorder_name 同步更新
---   3. 确保 semester_id 索引存在（学期记录数统计优化）
---   4. 数据验证
---
--- 重要: 执行前请备份数据库！
--- ===========================================
-
-USE `classmanagerdb`;
-
--- ===========================================
--- 1. 更新 conduct_records 中的 recorder_name
---    v2.0 将 recorder_name 从用户名(username)改为真实姓名(real_name)
---    需要将历史记录中的用户名更新为对应的真实姓名
--- ===========================================
-
--- 通过 JOIN users 表将 recorder_name 从 username 更新为 real_name
-UPDATE conduct_records cr
-INNER JOIN users u ON cr.recorder_id = u.user_id
-SET cr.recorder_name = u.real_name
-WHERE cr.recorder_name != u.real_name
-  OR cr.recorder_name IS NULL;
-
--- ===========================================
--- 2. 确保学期相关索引存在
---    v2.0 新增学期记录数统计功能，需要 semester_id 索引优化查询
--- ===========================================
-
-SET @dbname = DATABASE();
-
--- conduct_records 表 semester_id 索引
-SET @indexname = 'idx_conduct_semester_id';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
-   WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' AND INDEX_NAME = @indexname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE conduct_records ADD INDEX idx_conduct_semester_id (semester_id)'
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
-
--- attendance_records 表 semester_id 索引
-SET @indexname = 'idx_attendance_semester_id';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
-   WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records' AND INDEX_NAME = @indexname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE attendance_records ADD INDEX idx_attendance_semester_id (semester_id)'
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
-
--- ===========================================
--- 3. 确保之前版本的索引也存在（幂等兼容）
--- ===========================================
-
--- assignments 表 subject_id 索引（v1.8 科目删除数据检查）
-SET @indexname = 'idx_assignments_subject_id';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
-   WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = 'assignments' AND INDEX_NAME = @indexname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE assignments ADD INDEX idx_assignments_subject_id (subject_id)'
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
-
--- conduct_records 表 student_id 索引
-SET @indexname = 'idx_conduct_student_id';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
-   WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' AND INDEX_NAME = @indexname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE conduct_records ADD INDEX idx_conduct_student_id (student_id)'
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
-
--- conduct_records 表 created_at 索引
-SET @indexname = 'idx_conduct_created_at';
-SET @preparedStatement = (SELECT IF(
-  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
-   WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' AND INDEX_NAME = @indexname) > 0,
-  'SELECT 1',
-  'ALTER TABLE conduct_records ADD INDEX idx_conduct_created_at (created_at)'
-));
-PREPARE alterIfNotExists FROM @preparedStatement;
-EXECUTE alterIfNotExists;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE alterIfNotExists;
-
--- ===========================================
--- 4. 验证迁移结果
--- ===========================================
-
-SELECT '===== v2.0 数据库迁移验证 =====' AS '';
-
--- 检查 recorder_name 是否已更新为真实姓名
-SELECT 
-    'recorder_name 迁移验证' AS `检查项`,
-    COUNT(*) AS `总记录数`,
-    SUM(CASE WHEN cr.recorder_name = u.real_name THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `已匹配真实姓名`,
-    SUM(CASE WHEN cr.recorder_name != u.real_name AND u.real_name IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `仍为用户名`
-FROM conduct_records cr
-INNER JOIN users u ON cr.recorder_id = u.user_id;
-
--- 检查学期相关索引
-SELECT 
-    '学期索引验证' AS `检查项`,
-    TABLE_NAME AS `表名`,
-    INDEX_NAME AS `索引名`
-FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
-WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname 
-  AND INDEX_NAME IN ('idx_conduct_semester_id', 'idx_attendance_semester_id')
-GROUP BY TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME;
-
--- 检查学期记录数统计示例
-SELECT 
-    '学期记录统计示例' AS `检查项`,
-    s.semester_name,
-    s.is_active,
-    (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM conduct_records WHERE semester_id = s.semester_id) AS `操行分记录数`,
-    (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM attendance_records WHERE semester_id = s.semester_id) AS `考勤记录数`
-FROM semesters s
-ORDER BY s.is_active DESC, s.created_at DESC
-LIMIT 5;
-
-SELECT 'v2.0 数据库迁移完成！' AS message;
diff --git a/sql/upgrades/v1.7.sql b/sql/upgrades/v1.7.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..927fd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/upgrades/v1.7.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-- ===========================================
+-- 班级操行分管理系统 - 升级至 v1.7
+-- 字符集: utf8mb4
+--
+-- 说明: 此脚本用于在已有数据库中创建版本管理系统。
+--       适用于从 v1.7 之前的版本升级。
+--
+-- 变更内容:
+--   1. 创建 system_settings 表（用于存储版本号等系统配置）
+--   2. 插入初始版本号 1.7
+--
+-- 兼容性: 使用 IF NOT EXISTS 实现幂等，phpMyAdmin 可直接执行
+-- ===========================================
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 1: 创建 system_settings 表
+-- ===========================================
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `system_settings` (
+    `setting_key` VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY,
+    `setting_value` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+    `updated_at` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 2: 插入初始版本号
+-- ===========================================
+
+INSERT INTO `system_settings` (`setting_key`, `setting_value`)
+VALUES ('db_version', '1.7')
+ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `setting_value` = '1.7';
diff --git a/sql/upgrades/v1.8.sql b/sql/upgrades/v1.8.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b63c365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/upgrades/v1.8.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+-- ===========================================
+-- 班级操行分管理系统 - v1.7 → v1.8 升级脚本
+-- 字符集: utf8mb4
+--
+-- 变更内容:
+--   1. conduct_records 表添加 related_type 列
+--   2. conduct_records 表添加 semester_id 列 + 外键
+--   3. attendance_records 表添加 semester_id 列 + 外键
+--
+-- 兼容性: 使用存储过程实现幂等，phpMyAdmin 可直接执行
+-- ===========================================
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 1: conduct_records 添加 related_type 列
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'related_type'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` 
+        ADD COLUMN `related_type` ENUM('manual', 'homework', 'attendance') DEFAULT 'manual' 
+        AFTER `recorder_name`;
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 2: conduct_records 添加 semester_id 列
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` 
+        ADD COLUMN `semester_id` INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '所属学期ID' 
+        AFTER `revoked_at`;
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 3: conduct_records 添加 semester_id 外键
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id' 
+          AND REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME IS NOT NULL
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` 
+        ADD FOREIGN KEY (`semester_id`) REFERENCES `semesters`(`semester_id`) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 4: attendance_records 添加 semester_id 列
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` 
+        ADD COLUMN `semester_id` INT DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '所属学期ID' 
+        AFTER `deduction_record_id`;
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 5: attendance_records 添加 semester_id 外键
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'semester_id' 
+          AND REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME IS NOT NULL
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` 
+        ADD FOREIGN KEY (`semester_id`) REFERENCES `semesters`(`semester_id`) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
diff --git a/sql/upgrades/v2.0.1.sql b/sql/upgrades/v2.0.1.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..227317d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/upgrades/v2.0.1.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-- ===========================================
+-- 班级操行分管理系统 - v2.0 → v2.0.1 升级脚本
+-- 字符集: utf8mb4
+--
+-- 说明: v2.0.1 为纯前端修改版本，无数据库 schema 变更。
+-- ===========================================
diff --git a/sql/upgrades/v2.0.sql b/sql/upgrades/v2.0.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc0c1a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/upgrades/v2.0.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+-- ===========================================
+-- 班级操行分管理系统 - v1.8 → v2.0 升级脚本
+-- 字符集: utf8mb4
+--
+-- 变更内容:
+--   1. 添加性能索引: conduct_records.semester_id
+--   2. 添加性能索引: attendance_records.semester_id
+--   3. 添加性能索引: conduct_records.student_id
+--   4. 数据迁移: recorder_name 从 username 更新为 real_name
+--   5. students 表添加 dormitory_number 列
+--   6. students 表添加 points_updated_at 列
+--
+-- 兼容性: 使用存储过程实现幂等，phpMyAdmin 可直接执行
+-- ===========================================
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 1: 添加 conduct_records.semester_id 索引
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' 
+          AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_conduct_semester'
+    ) THEN
+        CREATE INDEX `idx_conduct_semester` ON `conduct_records`(`semester_id`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 2: 添加 attendance_records.semester_id 索引
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records' 
+          AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_attendance_semester'
+    ) THEN
+        CREATE INDEX `idx_attendance_semester` ON `attendance_records`(`semester_id`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 3: 添加 conduct_records.student_id 索引
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records' 
+          AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_conduct_student'
+    ) THEN
+        CREATE INDEX `idx_conduct_student` ON `conduct_records`(`student_id`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 4: 数据迁移 - recorder_name 从 username 更新为 real_name
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    UPDATE `conduct_records` cr
+    INNER JOIN `users` u ON cr.recorder_id = u.user_id
+    SET cr.recorder_name = u.real_name
+    WHERE cr.recorder_name = u.username;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 5: students 表添加 dormitory_number 列
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'students' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'dormitory_number'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `students` 
+        ADD COLUMN `dormitory_number` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '宿舍号' 
+        AFTER `parent_phone`;
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+
+-- ===========================================
+-- 升级步骤 6: students 表添加 points_updated_at 列
+-- ===========================================
+
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
+DELIMITER $$
+CREATE PROCEDURE `upgrade_step`()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() 
+          AND TABLE_NAME = 'students' 
+          AND COLUMN_NAME = 'points_updated_at'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `students` 
+        ADD COLUMN `points_updated_at` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '分数最后更新时间';
+    END IF;
+END$$
+DELIMITER ;
+
+CALL `upgrade_step`();
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `upgrade_step`;
diff --git a/sql/upgrades/v2.1.sql b/sql/upgrades/v2.1.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3ff3b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/upgrades/v2.1.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+-- ===========================================
+-- 班级操行分管理系统 - v2.0.1 → v2.1 升级脚本
+-- 主要内容：添加缺失的数据库索引，优化查询性能
+-- ===========================================
+
+DELIMITER $$
+
+-- conduct_records 表：添加 student_id + created_at 联合索引（学生端查询历史记录）
+CREATE PROCEDURE upgrade_add_conduct_student_created_idx()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+        AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records'
+        AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_student_created'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` ADD INDEX `idx_student_created` (`student_id`, `created_at`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+
+-- conduct_records 表：添加 recorder_id 索引（班干查询自己记录的）
+CREATE PROCEDURE upgrade_add_conduct_recorder_idx()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+        AND TABLE_NAME = 'conduct_records'
+        AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_recorder_id'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `conduct_records` ADD INDEX `idx_recorder_id` (`recorder_id`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+
+-- attendance_records 表：添加 date 索引（按日期查询考勤记录）
+CREATE PROCEDURE upgrade_add_attendance_date_idx()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+        AND TABLE_NAME = 'attendance_records'
+        AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_date'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `attendance_records` ADD INDEX `idx_date` (`date`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+
+-- login_logs 表：添加 username + created_at 联合索引（查询登录历史）
+CREATE PROCEDURE upgrade_add_login_username_created_idx()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+        AND TABLE_NAME = 'login_logs'
+        AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_username_created'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `login_logs` ADD INDEX `idx_username_created` (`username`, `created_at`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+
+-- operation_logs 表：添加 operator_id + created_at 联合索引（查询操作历史）
+CREATE PROCEDURE upgrade_add_operation_operator_created_idx()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+        AND TABLE_NAME = 'operation_logs'
+        AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_operator_created'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `operation_logs` ADD INDEX `idx_operator_created` (`operator_id`, `created_at`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+
+-- semester_archives 表：添加 semester_id 索引（查询学期归档数据）
+CREATE PROCEDURE upgrade_add_archive_semester_idx()
+BEGIN
+    IF NOT EXISTS (
+        SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
+        WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+        AND TABLE_NAME = 'semester_archives'
+        AND INDEX_NAME = 'idx_semester_id'
+    ) THEN
+        ALTER TABLE `semester_archives` ADD INDEX `idx_semester_id` (`semester_id`);
+    END IF;
+END$$
+
+DELIMITER ;
+
+-- 执行所有升级存储过程
+CALL upgrade_add_conduct_student_created_idx();
+CALL upgrade_add_conduct_recorder_idx();
+CALL upgrade_add_attendance_date_idx();
+CALL upgrade_add_login_username_created_idx();
+CALL upgrade_add_operation_operator_created_idx();
+CALL upgrade_add_archive_semester_idx();
+
+-- 清理存储过程
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS upgrade_add_conduct_student_created_idx;
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS upgrade_add_conduct_recorder_idx;
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS upgrade_add_attendance_date_idx;
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS upgrade_add_login_username_created_idx;
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS upgrade_add_operation_operator_created_idx;
+DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS upgrade_add_archive_semester_idx;
diff --git a/upgrade.php b/upgrade.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5258b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/upgrade.php
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * 班级操行分管理系统 - 自动升级脚本
+ * 
+ * 读取 VERSION 文件确定目标版本，自动检测数据库当前版本，
+ * 依次执行增量 SQL 升级脚本。
+ */
+
+// ===========================================
+// 辅助函数
+// ===========================================
+
+/**
+ * 读取 backend/.env 文件并解析数据库配置
+ */
+function readEnvConfig($envPath) {
+    if (!file_exists($envPath)) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('配置文件不存在: ' . $envPath);
+    }
+
+    $lines = file($envPath, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
+    $config = [];
+
+    foreach ($lines as $line) {
+        $line = trim($line);
+        if ($line === '' || strpos($line, '#') === 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strpos($line, '=') !== false) {
+            list($key, $value) = explode('=', $line, 2);
+            $config[trim($key)] = trim($value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    $required = ['DB_HOST', 'DB_PORT', 'DB_USER', 'DB_PASSWORD', 'DB_NAME'];
+    foreach ($required as $key) {
+        if (!isset($config[$key]) || $config[$key] === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException("缺少必要的数据库配置: {$key}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $config;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检测数据库当前版本
+ */
+function detectCurrentVersion($pdo) {
+    try {
+        $stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT setting_value FROM system_settings WHERE setting_key = 'db_version'");
+        $row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        return $row ? $row['setting_value'] : '0.0.0';
+    } catch (PDOException $e) {
+        return '0.0.0';
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取需要执行的升级步骤
+ */
+function getUpgradeSteps($currentVersion, $targetVersion) {
+    $allVersions = [
+        '1.7'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v1.7.sql',
+        '1.8'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v1.8.sql',
+        '2.0'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v2.0.sql',
+        '2.0.1' => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v2.0.1.sql',
+        '2.1'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v2.1.sql',
+    ];
+
+    $steps = [];
+    foreach ($allVersions as $version => $sqlFile) {
+        if (version_compare($version, $currentVersion, '>') &&
+            version_compare($version, $targetVersion, '<=')) {
+            $steps[$version] = $sqlFile;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uksort($steps, 'version_compare');
+    return $steps;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 执行单个版本的升级 SQL
+ */
+function executeUpgrade($pdo, $version, $sqlFile) {
+    if (!file_exists($sqlFile)) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("SQL 文件不存在: {$sqlFile}");
+    }
+
+    $sql = file_get_contents($sqlFile);
+
+    if (trim($sql) === '' || trim($sql) === '--') {
+        // 空文件或纯注释，无需执行 SQL，仅更新版本号
+    } else {
+        $pdo->exec($sql);
+    }
+
+    // 更新版本号（使用预处理语句防止 SQL 注入）
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        "INSERT INTO system_settings (setting_key, setting_value) VALUES ('db_version', :version) 
+         ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE setting_value = :version"
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([':version' => $version]);
+}
+
+// ===========================================
+// 主逻辑
+// ===========================================
+
+// POST 模式：执行单个升级步骤（依次执行）
+if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && ($_GET['action'] ?? '') === 'step') {
+    header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
+
+    $stepVersion = $_GET['version'] ?? '';
+    if (empty($stepVersion)) {
+        http_response_code(400);
+        echo json_encode(['success' => false, 'error' => '缺少版本号参数']);
+        exit();
+    }
+
+    try {
+        $envPath = __DIR__ . '/backend/.env';
+        $config = readEnvConfig($envPath);
+
+        $dsn = "mysql:host={$config['DB_HOST']};port={$config['DB_PORT']};dbname={$config['DB_NAME']};charset=utf8mb4";
+        $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $config['DB_USER'], $config['DB_PASSWORD'], [
+            PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
+        ]);
+
+        // 获取该版本对应的 SQL 文件
+        $allVersions = [
+            '1.7'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v1.7.sql',
+            '1.8'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v1.8.sql',
+            '2.0'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v2.0.sql',
+            '2.0.1' => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v2.0.1.sql',
+            '2.1'   => __DIR__ . '/sql/upgrades/v2.1.sql',
+        ];
+
+        if (!isset($allVersions[$stepVersion])) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("未知版本: {$stepVersion}");
+        }
+
+        $sqlFile = $allVersions[$stepVersion];
+        $shortFile = basename($sqlFile);
+
+        executeUpgrade($pdo, $stepVersion, $sqlFile);
+
+        // 重新检测当前版本
+        $newVersion = detectCurrentVersion($pdo);
+
+        echo json_encode([
+            'success' => true,
+            'version' => $stepVersion,
+            'message' => "升级至 v{$stepVersion} 成功 ({$shortFile})",
+            'current' => $newVersion
+        ]);
+    } catch (Exception $e) {
+        http_response_code(500);
+        echo json_encode([
+            'success' => false,
+            'version' => $stepVersion,
+            'error' => "升级至 v{$stepVersion} 失败: " . $e->getMessage()
+        ]);
+    }
+    exit();
+}
+
+// POST 模式：执行升级（AJAX 请求）
+if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && ($_GET['action'] ?? '') === 'execute') {
+    header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
+
+    $upgradeLog = [];
+    $currentVersion = '未知';
+    $targetVersion = '未知';
+
+    try {
+        $envPath = __DIR__ . '/backend/.env';
+        $config = readEnvConfig($envPath);
+
+        $dsn = "mysql:host={$config['DB_HOST']};port={$config['DB_PORT']};dbname={$config['DB_NAME']};charset=utf8mb4";
+        $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $config['DB_USER'], $config['DB_PASSWORD'], [
+            PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
+        ]);
+
+        $currentVersion = detectCurrentVersion($pdo);
+
+        $versionFile = __DIR__ . '/VERSION';
+        if (!file_exists($versionFile)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('VERSION 文件不存在');
+        }
+        $targetVersion = trim(file_get_contents($versionFile));
+
+        $upgradeSteps = getUpgradeSteps($currentVersion, $targetVersion);
+
+        if (empty($upgradeSteps)) {
+            echo json_encode([
+                'success' => true,
+                'current' => $currentVersion,
+                'target' => $targetVersion,
+                'steps' => [['version' => '', 'status' => 'uptodate', 'message' => '数据库已是最新版本，无需升级。']]
+            ]);
+            exit();
+        }
+
+        $pdo->beginTransaction();
+        try {
+            foreach ($upgradeSteps as $version => $sqlFile) {
+                $shortFile = basename($sqlFile);
+                try {
+                    executeUpgrade($pdo, $version, $sqlFile);
+                    $upgradeLog[] = [
+                        'version' => $version,
+                        'status' => 'success',
+                        'message' => "升级至 v{$version} 成功 ({$shortFile})"
+                    ];
+                } catch (Exception $e) {
+                    $upgradeLog[] = [
+                        'version' => $version,
+                        'status' => 'error',
+                        'message' => "升级至 v{$version} 失败 ({$shortFile}): " . $e->getMessage()
+                    ];
+                    throw $e;
+                }
+            }
+            $pdo->commit();
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+            $pdo->rollBack();
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        echo json_encode([
+            'success' => true,
+            'current' => $currentVersion,
+            'target' => $targetVersion,
+            'steps' => $upgradeLog
+        ]);
+    } catch (Exception $e) {
+        http_response_code(500);
+        echo json_encode([
+            'success' => false,
+            'current' => $currentVersion,
+            'target' => $targetVersion,
+            'steps' => $upgradeLog,
+            'error' => $e->getMessage()
+        ]);
+    }
+    exit();
+}
+
+// GET 模式：显示升级信息页面
+$currentVersion = '未知';
+$targetVersion = '未知';
+$upgradeSteps = [];
+$hasError = false;
+$errorMessage = '';
+$isUpToDate = false;
+
+try {
+    $envPath = __DIR__ . '/backend/.env';
+    $config = readEnvConfig($envPath);
+
+    $dsn = "mysql:host={$config['DB_HOST']};port={$config['DB_PORT']};dbname={$config['DB_NAME']};charset=utf8mb4";
+    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $config['DB_USER'], $config['DB_PASSWORD'], [
+        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
+    ]);
+
+    $currentVersion = detectCurrentVersion($pdo);
+
+    $versionFile = __DIR__ . '/VERSION';
+    if (!file_exists($versionFile)) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('VERSION 文件不存在: ' . $versionFile);
+    }
+    $targetVersion = trim(file_get_contents($versionFile));
+
+    $upgradeSteps = getUpgradeSteps($currentVersion, $targetVersion);
+    $isUpToDate = empty($upgradeSteps);
+} catch (Exception $e) {
+    $hasError = true;
+    $errorMessage = $e->getMessage();
+}
+
+?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>系统升级 - 班级操行分管理系统</title>
+    <style>
+        * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
+            background: #f5f7fa;
+            color: #333;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            padding: 20px;
+        }
+        .container {
+            max-width: 720px;
+            margin: 40px auto;
+            background: #fff;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
+            overflow: hidden;
+        }
+        .header {
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+            color: #fff;
+            padding: 24px 32px;
+        }
+        .header h1 { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; }
+        .header p { font-size: 13px; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; }
+        .content { padding: 24px 32px; }
+        .info-row {
+            display: flex;
+            justify-content: space-between;
+            padding: 10px 0;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
+            font-size: 14px;
+        }
+        .info-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
+        .info-label { color: #888; }
+        .info-value { font-weight: 600; }
+        .section-title {
+            font-size: 15px;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            margin: 20px 0 12px;
+            color: #444;
+        }
+        .step {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: flex-start;
+            padding: 10px 12px;
+            margin-bottom: 8px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            background: #fafafa;
+            border-left: 3px solid #ddd;
+        }
+        .step.success { border-left-color: #52c41a; background: #f6ffed; }
+        .step.error { border-left-color: #ff4d4f; background: #fff2f0; }
+        .step.pending { border-left-color: #faad14; background: #fffbe6; }
+        .step-icon { margin-right: 10px; font-size: 16px; flex-shrink: 0; }
+        .step.success .step-icon { color: #52c41a; }
+        .step.error .step-icon { color: #ff4d4f; }
+        .step.pending .step-icon { color: #faad14; }
+        .step-message { word-break: break-all; }
+        .error-box {
+            background: #fff2f0;
+            border: 1px solid #ffccc7;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            padding: 12px 16px;
+            margin-top: 16px;
+            color: #cf1322;
+            font-size: 13px;
+            word-break: break-all;
+        }
+        .warning-box {
+            background: #fffbe6;
+            border: 1px solid #ffe58f;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            padding: 12px 16px;
+            margin-top: 16px;
+            color: #ad6800;
+            font-size: 13px;
+        }
+        .btn-upgrade {
+            display: inline-block;
+            padding: 10px 32px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+            color: #fff;
+            border: none;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            font-size: 15px;
+            font-weight: 500;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            transition: opacity 0.2s;
+        }
+        .btn-upgrade:hover { opacity: 0.9; }
+        .btn-upgrade:disabled {
+            opacity: 0.6;
+            cursor: not-allowed;
+        }
+        .btn-upgrade.loading {
+            opacity: 0.7;
+            cursor: wait;
+        }
+        .action-area {
+            text-align: center;
+            margin-top: 16px;
+        }
+        .result-area {
+            margin-top: 16px;
+        }
+        .footer {
+            text-align: center;
+            padding: 16px 32px;
+            border-top: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
+            color: #aaa;
+            font-size: 12px;
+        }
+        .success-box {
+            background: #f6ffed;
+            border: 1px solid #b7eb8f;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            padding: 16px;
+            margin-top: 16px;
+            text-align: center;
+            color: #389e0d;
+            font-size: 14px;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <div class="header">
+            <h1>班级操行分管理系统 - 数据库升级</h1>
+            <p>自动检测版本并执行增量升级</p>
+        </div>
+        <div class="content">
+            <div class="info-row">
+                <span class="info-label">当前数据库版本</span>
+                <span class="info-value" id="currentVersion"><?php echo htmlspecialchars($currentVersion); ?></span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="info-row">
+                <span class="info-label">目标版本</span>
+                <span class="info-value" id="targetVersion"><?php echo htmlspecialchars($targetVersion); ?></span>
+            </div>
+
+            <?php if ($hasError): ?>
+            <div class="error-box">
+                <strong>错误：</strong><?php echo htmlspecialchars($errorMessage); ?>
+            </div>
+            <?php elseif ($isUpToDate): ?>
+            <div class="success-box">
+                ✓ 数据库已是最新版本，无需升级。
+            </div>
+            <?php else: ?>
+            <div class="section-title">待执行升级步骤</div>
+            <?php foreach ($upgradeSteps as $version => $sqlFile): ?>
+            <div class="step pending" id="step-<?php echo htmlspecialchars($version); ?>">
+                <span class="step-icon">○</span>
+                <span class="step-message">升级至 v<?php echo htmlspecialchars($version); ?> (<?php echo htmlspecialchars(basename($sqlFile)); ?>)</span>
+            </div>
+            <?php endforeach; ?>
+
+            <div class="warning-box">
+                ⚠️ 升级前请确保已备份数据库，升级过程中请勿关闭页面。
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="action-area">
+                <button class="btn-upgrade" id="btnUpgrade" onclick="executeUpgrade()">立即升级</button>
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="result-area" id="resultArea" style="display:none;"></div>
+            <?php endif; ?>
+        </div>
+        <div class="footer">
+            班级操行分管理系统 v<?php echo htmlspecialchars($targetVersion); ?>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <?php if (!$hasError && !$isUpToDate): ?>
+    <script>
+    function executeUpgrade() {
+        var btn = document.getElementById('btnUpgrade');
+        var resultArea = document.getElementById('resultArea');
+
+        btn.disabled = true;
+        btn.classList.add('loading');
+        btn.textContent = '升级中...';
+        resultArea.style.display = 'none';
+
+        // 收集所有待执行步骤
+        var steps = [];
+        <?php foreach ($upgradeSteps as $version => $sqlFile): ?>
+        steps.push('<?php echo htmlspecialchars($version); ?>');
+        <?php endforeach; ?>
+
+        var currentIndex = 0;
+
+        function executeNextStep() {
+            if (currentIndex >= steps.length) {
+                btn.classList.remove('loading');
+                btn.textContent = '升级完成';
+                resultArea.style.display = 'block';
+                resultArea.innerHTML = '<div class="success-box">✓ 升级成功！数据库已更新至最新版本<br><br><small style="color:#888">建议升级完成后删除 upgrade.php 文件</small></div>';
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var version = steps[currentIndex];
+            fetch('?action=step&version=' + encodeURIComponent(version), { method: 'POST' })
+                .then(function(r) { return r.json(); })
+                .then(function(data) {
+                    var el = document.getElementById('step-' + version);
+                    if (el) {
+                        el.className = 'step ' + (data.success ? 'success' : 'error');
+                        el.querySelector('.step-icon').textContent = data.success ? '✓' : '✗';
+                    }
+
+                    if (data.success) {
+                        currentIndex++;
+                        executeNextStep();
+                    } else {
+                        btn.classList.remove('loading');
+                        btn.textContent = '升级失败';
+                        btn.disabled = false;
+                        resultArea.style.display = 'block';
+                        resultArea.innerHTML = '<div class="error-box"><strong>升级失败：</strong>' + (data.error || '未知错误') + '</div>';
+                    }
+                })
+                .catch(function(err) {
+                    var el = document.getElementById('step-' + version);
+                    if (el) {
+                        el.className = 'step error';
+                        el.querySelector('.step-icon').textContent = '✗';
+                    }
+                    btn.classList.remove('loading');
+                    btn.disabled = false;
+                    btn.textContent = '立即升级';
+                    resultArea.style.display = 'block';
+                    resultArea.innerHTML = '<div class="error-box"><strong>请求失败：</strong>' + err.message + '</div>';
+                });
+        }
+
+        executeNextStep();
+    }
+    </script>
+    <?php endif; ?>
+</body>
+</html>